Autism Spectrum Disorder in Pakistan: A Decade of Progress, Challenges, and the Way Forward

• By: Major (Retd) Syed Azhar Shah, MD
• Pakistan Autism Health Sciences & Research Foundation®

Introduction

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects communication, behavior, and social interaction. In Pakistan, there has been significant progress over the past decade in recognizing and addressing autism, yet challenges remain in awareness, accessibility, and social acceptance. This blog explores the journey of autism awareness and support in Pakistan, from government and private sector initiatives to individual efforts, and examines religious misconceptions and societal stigmatization, all while aligning with Islamic teachings.

The Past Decade: Progress in Autism Awareness and Support

1. Early Challenges (Pre-2013)

A decade ago, autism was widely misunderstood in Pakistan. Many families hid their children due to social stigma, and medical professionals often misdiagnosed ASD as intellectual disability or mental illness. There were few specialized schools or therapy centers, leaving parents with limited options. The need for awareness and dedicated services was apparent, but support systems were lacking.

2. Government Initiatives (2013-2018)

Recognizing the need for structured support, the Pakistani government took some initial steps:

• 2015: The National Institute of Special Education (NISE) expanded services for children with autism.
• 2016: The Senate of Pakistan passed a resolution to observe World Autism Awareness Day (April 2) nationally.
• 2018: The Prime Minister’s National Disability Council was formed to address the rights of individuals with disabilities, including autism.

Despite these efforts, the implementation remained weak due to limited funding and a shortage of trained professionals.

3. Private Sector and NGO Interventions

The private sector played a crucial role in filling gaps:

• Autism Resource Centers (ARCs): Established in major cities like Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad, offering speech therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral interventions.
• Pakistan Autism Health Sciences & Research Foundation® (PAHSRF): Established in 2017, PAHSRF has made significant contributions to awareness, diagnosis, and therapeutic services, especially for underprivileged families, providing free services.
• SOS Children’s Villages and Autism Society of Pakistan: Provided free screenings and parental training.

1. Media and Public Awareness (2018-2023)

• Dramas and Documentaries: TV shows like “Aunn Zara,” which featured an autistic character, helped normalize the condition.
• Celebrity Advocacy: Celebrities like Imran Abbas and Mahira Khan campaigned for autism acceptance.
• Social Media Movements: Hashtags like #AutismAwarenessPK trended, creating open discussions around the issue.

1. Educational Reforms

• Inclusive Education Policies: Some private schools introduced shadow teachers and sensory-friendly classrooms.
• Specialized Institutes: Organizations like The Rising Sun Institute and Al-Umeed Rehabilitation Association provided structured education for children with ASD.
• Current Situation: Achievements and Gaps

1. Progress Made

• Increased awareness in urban areas.
• More diagnostic centers and trained therapists.
• Growing acceptance in educational institutions.

1. Persistent Challenges

• Lack of Rural Access: Most facilities are concentrated in cities, leaving rural families underserved.
• Financial Barriers: Therapy and schooling remain expensive for low-income families.
• Misconceptions and Stigma: Many still believe autism is a curse or a result of “bad parenting.”
• Employment Opportunities: Adults with autism struggle to find inclusive workplaces.
• Religious Misconceptions and Islamic Perspective on Autism

1. Common Misconceptions

• “Autism is a punishment from Allah.”
• “It can be cured with spiritual remedies alone.”
• “Children with autism cannot contribute to society.”

1. Quranic Guidance on Disabilities

• Islam promotes compassion and inclusion:
• Quran 49:13: “O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another.” This verse emphasizes diversity as Allah’s will.
• Hadith: The Prophet (PBUH) said, “No fatigue, nor disease, nor sorrow, nor sadness, nor hurt, nor distress befalls a Muslim, even if it were the prick he receives from a thorn, but that Allah expiates some of his sins because of that.” (Bukhari).
• Quran 80:1–12: Condemns mistreatment of those with disabilities, referring to the incident of Abdullah ibn Umm Maktum.

1. Role of Religious Scholars

• Fatwas and Sermons: Scholars like Mufti Taqi Usmani have emphasized that disabilities are tests from Allah, not punishments.
• Islamic Philanthropy: Zakat and Sadaqah can support autism centers and programs.
• Efforts Needed for a More Inclusive Future

1. Government-Level Reforms

• National Autism Policy: Legislation is needed to ensure education, healthcare, and employment rights for individuals with autism.
• Subsidized Therapy: Government-funded rehabilitation centers should be established in every district.
• Teacher Training: Mandatory ASD training for educators in public schools is crucial.

1. Private Sector and Community Engagement

• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Businesses should fund autism programs and awareness campaigns.
• Parent Support Groups: Community networks for sharing resources and experiences should be encouraged.

1. Religious and Social Awareness

• Imams and Khateebs: Religious leaders should address autism in Friday sermons, dispelling myths and fostering understanding.
• Media Campaigns: Documentaries featuring successful individuals with autism could help change societal perceptions.

1. Individual Responsibility

• Educate Yourself: Learn about autism to support affected families and individuals.
• Show Kindness: Simple acts of inclusion can make a world of difference.
• Conclusion: A Call for Compassion and Action

Pakistan has made great strides in autism awareness, but the journey is far from over. By combining government action, private sector involvement, and Islamic teachings on compassion, we can build a society where individuals with autism are not just accepted but celebrated for their unique abilities. Let us take inspiration from the Quranic message of empathy and work together to create a more inclusive Pakistan.

“Indeed, Allah does not burden a soul beyond that it can bear.” (Quran 2:286)

Let this be our guiding principle as we strive for a future where no child with autism is left behind.