- By: Barrister Usman Ali, Ph.D.
The sanctions imposed by the United States on four entities linked to Pakistan’s ballistic missile program raise significant questions about international law, power dynamics, and double standards. These sanctions highlight the disparity in treatment between powerful and weaker states in global politics. Countries like Pakistan often face such sanctions, while U.S. allies frequently enjoy immunity from similar scrutiny or restrictions. This approach not only creates imbalance in the international system but also undermines the defensive rights of weaker states.
Historically, the U.S. has undertaken actions in global conflicts aimed at preserving its sovereignty and dominance as a global superpower. From the atomic bombings in Japan to military interventions in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq, American policies have often been designed to demonstrate power and protect its interests. While advocating for nuclear non-proliferation through treaties like the NPT (Non-Proliferation Treaty), the U.S. itself possesses the world’s largest nuclear arsenal. Moreover, it turns a blind eye to the nuclear programs of allies like Israel, despite their role in fueling regional tensions.
Pakistan’s situation must be understood within the context of its historical rivalry with India, the nuclear arms race, and ongoing security threats. India has made significant advancements in missile technology and defense capabilities, disrupting the regional balance of power. In such a scenario, Pakistan’s missile program becomes a crucial component of its national defense. It provides deterrence and is essential to counter potential aggressive designs from India.
Pakistan maintains that its missile program is vital for its sovereignty and security. Under international law, every state has the right to take measures for self-defense. Article 51 of the United Nations Charter explicitly allows states to protect their security, particularly when faced with genuine threats. For Pakistan, India’s aggressive policies and destabilizing actions in the region have necessitated the strengthening of its defensive capabilities.
This is precisely where U.S. policies reveal their double standards. The “law of power” seems to mean that powerful nations dictate the rules while punishing weaker ones. U.S. allies like Israel operate freely in their nuclear and defense strategies without facing sanctions, even though their actions exacerbate regional conflicts. This behavior violates international norms and contradicts the principles of the United Nations.
On the other hand, U.S. sanctions against Pakistan have been imposed at a time when the country is already grappling with economic and political challenges. These sanctions appear to be an attempt to weaken Pakistan’s defense program, further disrupting the balance of power in the region. For Pakistan, these measures are not only an affront to its sovereignty but also a disregard for its legitimate security concerns.
Pakistan must navigate this situation by balancing its defense, diplomatic, and economic interests. Diplomatically, it should present its case firmly on international platforms, emphasizing that its defense measures aim to ensure stability rather than cause instability in the region. By leveraging international law and United Nations mechanisms, Pakistan can challenge U.S. sanctions and expose their inherent double standards.
Economically, Pakistan must pursue self-reliance. Reducing dependency on U.S. aid or IMF conditions requires investments in key sectors such as agriculture, textiles, information technology, and manufacturing. Strengthening trade relations with countries like China, Turkey, Gulf nations, and Southeast Asian states can help mitigate U.S. influence.
At the regional level, participation in energy projects with Iran and Central Asia, as well as active engagement in forums like the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, can help Pakistan reduce its reliance on the U.S. Pakistan should align itself with countries in the Global South that have faced Western sanctions and pressure, fostering collective bargaining strategies.
Domestically, strong institutions, an independent judiciary, and social development will provide the foundation needed to resist external pressures. Investing in education, healthcare, and skill development can build an enlightened and capable populace that can play an effective role on the global stage.
To solidify its position globally, Pakistan must adopt cultural diplomacy, contribute to international peace efforts, and take a leading role in addressing shared global challenges. These initiatives would demonstrate that Pakistan is not merely a follower of U.S. directives but an autonomous and proactive partner on the world stage.
In conclusion, in the face of U.S. sanctions and dual policies, Pakistan must emphasize balance and sovereignty in its strategies. A combination of defensive autonomy, economic stability, and diplomatic confidence will enable Pakistan to strengthen its presence and establish itself as a strong, independent, and sovereign state in the global arena.